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What is Celebrex?
Celebrex™ is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models.
How does Celebrex work?
NSAIDs target an enzyme called cyclooxegenase that is responsible for much inflammation behind pain. But it turned out there are two types of this enzyme. Cox-2 was behind the inflammation, while cox-1 actually protects the stomach lining. Unfortunately, NSAIDs target both which often can result in ulcers.
The mechanism of action of Celebrex™ is believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and at therapeutic concentrations in humans, Celebrex™ does not inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme.
The theory was that if scientists could develop a more specific drug that targeted just cox-2, it would alleviate pain and inflammation while not effecting the delicate lining of the stomach.
In studies of about 13,000 patients, it appeared to work almost as well as prescription-strength naproxen in-patients with osteoarthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis sufferers, it appeared to work almost as well as another popular NSAID, diclofenac.
Clinical testing involving some 4,500 endoscopies -- probing a tube into patients' stomachs to see if ulcers were forming even before they experienced symptoms. Some 25 percent to 40 percent of patients taking ibuprofen or naproxen showed these mini-ulcers, vs. 5 percent to 10 percent of Celebrex patients.
Are there any side effects?
Stomach upset, diarrhea, gas or nausea may occur. If these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor promptly. Very unlikely but report promptly: unusual fatigue, yellowing eyes or skin, severe headache, unexplained weight gain, change in amount of urine. If you notice any of the following unlikely but very serious side effects, stop taking this drug and consult your doctor or pharmacist immediately: black stools, persistent stomach/ abdominal pain, vomit that looks like coffee grounds. In the unlikely event you have an allergic reaction to this drug, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness or trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
How should I use Celebrex?
Take by mouth, generally once or twice daily, as directed by your doctor. To decrease the chance of stomach upset, this drug is best taken with food. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Take this medication with 6 to 8 ounces (180-240ml) of water. Do not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking this drug.
What about drug interactions?
Tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription medications you use, especially of: fluconazole, lithium, "water pills" (diuretics, e.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), drugs for high blood pressure, ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril, lisinopril), corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), "blood thinners" (e.g., warfarin), NSAID (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen). Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many contain pain relievers/fever reducers (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin) which are similar to this drug. Aspirin, as prescribed by your doctor for reasons such as heart attack or stroke prevention (usually these dosages are 81-325 mg per day), should be continued. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.
Are there any other precautions when using Celebrex?
Tell your doctor your medical history, including: allergies (especially allergies to drugs such as sulfas or NSAID like ibuprofen), kidney problems, liver problems, heart disease, alcohol use, high blood pressure, swelling (edema), blood disorders (anemia), serious infections, stomach problems (bleeding or ulcers), asthma, growths in the nose (nasal polyps), dehydration, poorly controlled diabetes. This medicine may cause stomach bleeding. Daily use of alcohol, especially when combined with this medicine, may increase your risk for stomach bleeding. Check with your doctor or pharmacist for more information. This medication should be used only when clearly needed during the first 3 months of pregnancy. It is not recommended for use during the last 6 months of pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. It is not known whether this drug is excreted into breast milk. Due to the potential risk to the infant, breast-feeding while using this drug is not recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Caution is advised when this drug is used in the elderly, as they may be more sensitive to the side effects of this medication.
More Information About Celebrex
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